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The principle of laser cleaning machines typically involves three parts: vaporization and decomposition, fragmentation and peeling, and vibration and ejection.
The principle of laser cleaning machines involves using a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate the workpiece. Due to the extremely short interaction time, this generates a very high-acceleration explosive impact force, causing contaminant particles to detach from the substrate surface. Because the laser beam has a very short pulse width, the repeated impact of the pulses causes ultrasonic vibrations in the substrate, which in turn generates an impact that shatters the contaminant particles and ejects them from the substrate surface.
Laser cleaning machines are primarily designed for metal materials, and a common application in metal cleaning is rust removal. Rust has a different chemical composition and laser absorption rate compared to the base metal. When the rust absorbs laser energy, its temperature rises, causing vaporization and decomposition. This is followed by chemical ablation and physical vibration, which ejects the resulting dust particles, thus achieving the effect of removing rust.
Laser cleaning technology has broad application prospects in fields such as microelectronics, construction, nuclear power plants, automobile manufacturing, medical treatment, and cultural heritage preservation. Laser cleaning machines can significantly improve the efficiency of laser cleaning, accelerate its practical application and industrial development, and are of great significance in promoting the green and environmentally friendly economic development of laser technology.
Laser cleaning machines are highly efficient and environmentally friendly, with no chemical pollution. They are easy to operate, requiring no disassembly or handling of molds. They cause virtually no damage to the substrate surface, are ready to use immediately, and require no consumables. Adjustable laser parameters allow for optimal performance in various environments. The laser beam width can be adjusted for effective cleaning. Laser cleaning is a non-abrasive and non-contact method, suitable for cleaning both organic and inorganic contaminants.
The advantages of laser cleaning machines include the following aspects:
1. Laser cleaning is an environmentally friendly method that requires no chemical agents or cleaning solutions. The resulting waste is primarily solid powder—compact, easy to store, and recyclable—effectively eliminating environmental pollution associated with chemical cleaning.
2. Traditional cleaning methods are often contact-based, applying mechanical force to surfaces that can damage objects or leave cleaning residues adhering to surfaces, causing secondary contamination. Laser cleaning’s non-abrasive and non-contact nature resolves these issues effortlessly.
3. Lasers can be transmitted via fiber optics and integrated with robotic or automated workstations, enabling convenient remote operation. This allows cleaning of hard-to-reach areas inaccessible to traditional methods, ensuring personnel safety in hazardous environments.
4. Suitable for treating stubborn contaminants like weld slag and oxide layers. However, caution is required when processing reactive metals.
5. Laser cleaning removes diverse contaminants from various material surfaces, achieving levels of cleanliness unattainable by conventional methods. It selectively cleans contaminants without damaging the material surface.
6. Laser cleaning is highly efficient, saving significant time.
7. Cleaning systems offer long-term stable operation with low running costs.
Cleaning machines can be applied in aviation, shipbuilding, cultural relic preservation, automotive peripherals, food industry, railways, rubber molds, and other sectors.
